Wikipedia:Portraits from the Dibner Library of the History of Science and Technology

The following images are from the Portraits from the Dibner Library of the History of Science and Technology. Some of which are in the public domain (due to age).

Note however www.sil.si.edu/permissions which states: "Smithsonian Libraries provides free and open access to its digital images and the images may be freely downloaded for personal, research and study purposes only".

As of June, 13 2005 all articles in this list have images, except for (1) non-existent articles; and (2) articles for which the image may be new enough to attract copyright protection, e.g. Carl David Anderson. These articles are marked with a dagger †.

A

• Frederick Augustus Abel (1826–1902): Chemistry. [1]
• John Abernethy (1764–1831): Medicine. [2]
• Franz Carl Achard (1753–1821): Chemistry; Physics. [3]
• Walter Sydney Adams (1876–1956): Astronomy. [4] †
• Louis Agassiz (1807–1873): Geology; Biology. [5] [6] [7]
• Henri Francois d'Aguesseau (1668–1751): Jurist. [8]
• George Biddell Airy (1801–1892): Astronomy. [9] [10] [11]
• Bernard Siegfried Albinus (1697–1770): Biology. [12]
• Jean le Rond d'Alembert (1717–1783): Physics; Mathematics. [13] [14] [15]
• Thomas Allen (1542–1632): Mathematics. [16]
• André-Marie Ampère (1775–1836): Mathematics; Chemistry; Physics. [17] [18] [19] [20] [21]
• Carl David Anderson (1905–1991): Physics. [22] †
• John Anderson (1833–1900): Geology; Biology. [23]
• Henry Andrews (1743–1820): Astronomy. [24] †
• Peter Apian (1495–1552): Astronomy; Geology. [25]
• François Arago (1786–1853): Physics; Astronomy. [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33]
• Jean d'Arcet (1725–1801): Chemistry; Geology; Medicine. [34] †
• Richard Arkwright (1732–1792): Engineering. [35] [36] [37] [38]
• Svante Arrhenius (1859–1927): Chemistry; Physics. [39]
• Francis William Aston (1877–1945): Chemistry; Physics. [40] †

B

• Charles Babbage (1791–1871): Mathematics. [41]
• Francis Bacon (1561–1626): Physics. [42] [43] [44]
• Adolf von Baeyer (1835–1917): Chemistry. [45]
• Jean Sylvain Bailly (1763–1793): Astronomy. [46] [47] [48] [49] [50] [51]
• Joseph Banks (1743–1820): Botany. [52] [53]
• Jean Philippe Baratier (1721–1740): Mathematics. [54]
• John Barclay (1758–1826): Biology. [55]
• Peter Barlow (1776–1862): Mathematics; Physics. [56]
• Jacques Barrelier (1606–1673): Biology. [57] †
• François de Barrême (1640–1703): Mathematics. [58] †
• Isaac Barrow (1630–1677): Mathematics. [59]
• Alexandre Edmond Becquerel (1820–1891): Physics. [60]
• Antoine-Henri Becquerel (1852–1908): Physics. [61]
• Alexander Graham Bell (1847–1922): Engineering. [62]
• Charles Bell (1774–1842): Biology. [63]
• Jacob Bell (1810–1859): Chemistry. [64] †
• Johann Friedrich Benzenberg (1777–1846): Astronomy; Geology; Physics. [65] †
• Torbern Bergman (1735–1784): Chemistry; Geology; Biology. [66]
• Claude Bernard (1813–1878): Biology. [67]
• Daniel Bernoulli (1700–1782): Biology; Mathematics; Physics. [68]
• Jean Bernoulli (1667–1748): Mathematics. [69] [70] [71] [72] [73]
• Pierre Eugène Marcellin Berthelot (1827–1905): Chemistry. [74]
• Claude Louis Berthollet (1748–1822): Chemistry. [75] [76] [77]
• Jons Jakob Berzelius (1779–1848): Chemistry. [78] [79] [80] [81]
• Henry Bessemer (1813–1898): Engineering. [82] [83]
• Erastus Brigham Bigelow (1814–1879): Industrialist; Science Patron. [84]
• Nicolas Bion (1652–1733): Engineering. [85] †
• Jean-Baptiste Biot (1774–1862): Physics. [86]
• Joseph Black (1728–1799): Chemistry; Physics; Medicine. [87] [88] [89]
• Clarence John Blake (1843–1919): Medicine. [90] †
• Marcus Eliesar Bloch (1723–1799): Medicine; Biology. [91]
• Johann Elert Bode (1747–1826): Astronomy. [92]
• Hermann Boerhaave (1668–1738): Biology; Chemistry. [93] [94] [95] [96]
• Niels Henrik David Bohr (1885–1962): Physics. [97]
• Ludwig Boltzmann (1844–1906): Physics. [98]
• Bernard Bolzano (1781–1848): Mathematics. [99]
• John Booker (1603–1667): Astrology. [100] †
• Max Born (1882–1970): Physics. [101]
• Charles Bossut (1730–1814): Mathematics; Technology; Engineering. [102]
• John Bostock (1773–1846): Chemistry. [103] †
• Johann Friedrich Böttger (1682–1719): Chemistry. [104]
• Ismael Boulliau (1605–1694): Astronomy; Mathematics. [105] [106] †
• Matthew Boulton (1728–1809): Engineering. [107]
• Alexis Bouvard (1767–1843): Astronomy. [108]
• Nathaniel Bowditch (1773–1838): Astronomy. [109]
• Robert Boyle (1627–1691): Chemistry; Physics. [110] [111] [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] [117] [118] [119] [120] [121]
• James Bradley (1693–1762): Astronomy. [122] [123]
• Tycho Brahe (1546–1601): Astronomy. [124] [125] [126] [127] [128] [129]
• William Thomas Brande (1788–1866): Chemistry. [130] [131]
• Edouard Branly (1844–1940): Physics. [132] †
• David Brewster (1781–1868): Optics. [133] [134] [135] [136] [137] [138]
• James Brindley (1716–1772): Engineering. [139]
• John Brinkley (1763–1835): Astronomy; Mathematics. [140]
• Selig Brodetsky (1888–1954): Mathematics. [141] †
• Benjamin Brodie (1783–1862): Biology. [142]
• Louis-César-Victor-Maurice de Broglie (1875–1960): Physics. [143] †
• Alexandre Brongniart (1770–1847): Geology. [144] †
• John Charles Brooke (1748–1794): Archaeology. [145] †
• Joshua Brookes (1761–1833): Biology. [146] †
• John Brown (1819–1822): Biology. [147]
• Thomas Brown (1778–1820): Physics; Biology. [148]
• Franz Ernest Brückmann (1697–1753): Medicine. [149] †
• Marc Brunel (1769–1849): Engineering. [150] [151]
• William Buchan (1729–1805): Medicine. [152] †
• Ludwig Friedrich Karl Christian Buechner (1824–1899): Biology. [153]
• Christian Wilhelm Buettner (1716–1801): Biology. [154] †
• Georges Louis Leclerc Buffon (1707–1788): Biology. [155] [156]
• Robert Bunsen (1811–1899): Chemistry. [157] [158]
• Jean Charles Burckhardt (1773–1825): Astronomy; Mathematics. [159] [160] †
• Ogier Ghislain de Busbeck (1522–1592): Biology. [161] †
• Friedrich Büthner (1622–1701): Mathematics. [162] †
• William Butler (1535–1618): Medicine. [163]

C

• Alessandro Cagliostro (1743–1795): Alchemy. [164]
• John Caius (1510–1573): Medicine. [165] [166]
• Leopoldo Marco Antonio Caldani (1725–1813): Astronomy. [167]
• Octave Callandreau (1852–1904): Mathematics; Astronomy. [168] †
• Joachim Camerarius (1534–1598): Medicine. [169]
• Moritz Cantor (1829–1920): Mathematics. [170]
• Anthony Carlisle (1768–1840): Medicine. [171] †
• Lazare Carnot (1753–1823): Physics; Engineering; Mathematics. [172] [173]
• Francis Howard Carr (1874–1969): Chemistry. [174] †
• Charles Carroll (1737–1832): Politics. [175]
• Edmund Cartwright (1743–1823): Medicine. [176]
• Giovanni Domenico Cassini (1625–1712): Astronomy; Geodesy. [177] [178]
• Jean-Dominique Cassini (1748–1845): Astronomy; Geodesy. [179] [180]
• Augustin Louis Cauchy (1789–1857): Mathematics; Physics; Astronomy. [181] [182] [183] [184]
• Tiberius Cavallo (1749–1809): Physics. [185]
• Arthur Cayley (1821–1895): Mathematics; Astronomy. [186] [187] [188]
• Louis-Alexandre de Cessart (1719–1806): Engineering. [189] †
• Claude Chappe (1763–1805): Engineering. [190]
• Jean-Antoine-Claude Chaptal (1756–1832): Chemistry. [191] [192] [193] [194] [195]
• Michel Chasles (1793–1880): Mathematics. [196]
• Gabrielle-Émilie Le Tonnelier de Breteuil, marquise du Châtelet (1706–1749): Physics. [197]
• Michel Eugène Chevreul (1786–1889): Chemistry; Medicine. [198]
• Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni (1756–1827): Physics. [199] [200] [201]
• Robert Christison (1797–1882): Medicine. [202] †
• Alexis Claude Clairaut (1713–1765): Mathematics; Astronomy. [203]
• Christoph Clavius (1538–1612): Mathematics; Astronomy. [204]
• Agnes Mary Clerke (1842–1907): Astronomy. [205]
• Carolus Clusius (1526–1609): Botany. [206]
• Cadwallader Colden (1688–1776): Botany. [207]
• Peter Collinson (1694–1768): Biology. [208]
• Christopher Columbus (1451–1506): Exploration. [209] [210] [211]
• Jean-Antoine-Nicolas de Caritat Condorcet (1743–1794): Mathematics. [212] [213]
• François-Alexandre-Henri Conneau (1803–1877): Medicine. [214] †
• Hermann Conring (1606–1681): Physics; Medicine. [215] †
• James Cook (1728–1779): Exploration. [216] [217]
• Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543): Astronomy. [218] [219] [220] [221] [222] [223] [224] [225]
• Pierre Louis Antoine Cordier (1777–1861): Geology; Engineering. [226] †
• George Costard (1710–1782): Astronomy. [227] †
• Adam de Craponne (1527–1576): Engineering. [228] †
• Samuel Crompton (1753–1827): Invention. [229]
• William Crookes (1832–1919): Chemistry; Physics. [230] [231]
• Marie Curie (1867–1934): Physics. [232]
• James Curley (1796–1889): Astronomy; Mathematics. [233]
• Georges Cuvier (1769–1832): Zoology. [234] [235] [236] [237]

D

• Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre (1787–1851): Photography. [238]
• John Dalton (1766–1844): Physics; Chemistry; Meteorology. [239] [240]
• James Dwight Dana (1813–1895): Geology. [241] [242]
• Vincenzo Dandolo (1758–1819): Chemistry. [243] †
• Charles Robert Darwin (1809–1882): Biology. [244]
• Erasmus Darwin (1731–1802): Medicine; Botany; Engineering. [245] [246]
• George Howard Darwin (1845–1912): Mathematics; Astronomy. [247]
• Louis-Jean-Marie Daubenton (1716–1800): Medicine; Geology. [248]
• William Davis (mathematician) (1771–1807): Mathematics. [249]
• Humphry Davy (1778–1829): Chemistry. [250] [251] [252] [253] [254] [255] [256] [257] [258] [259]
• John Dee (1527–1608): Mathematics. [260] [261]
• Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre (1749–1822): Astronomy; Geodesy. [262] [263]
• Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby (1799–1869): Classics. [264]
• John Theophilus Desaguliers (1683–1744): Physics. [265] [266]
• René Descartes (1596–1650): Physics; Mathematics. [267] [268] [269]
• René Louiche Desfontaines (1751–1833): Botany. [270]
• Nicolas Deyeux (1745–1837): Medicine. [271] †
• Denis Diderot (1713–1784): Encyclopedist. [272] [273]
• Kenelm Digby (1603–1665): Physics. [274] [275] [276] [277] [278] [279]
• Thomas Dimsdale (1712–1800): Medicine. [280] †
• Johann Wolfgang Doebereiner (1780–1849): Chemistry. [281] [282]
• John Dollond (1706–1761): Physics. [283]
• Déodat de Dolomieu (1750–1801): Geology. [284] †
• Franciscus Cornelis Donders (1818–1889): Medicine. [285] †
• Johan Gabriel Doppelmayr (1671–1750): Astronomy; Mathematics; Physics. [286] †
• Heinrich Wilhelm Dove (1803–1879): Meteorology; Physics. [287] [288] †
• Paul Drude (1863–1906): Physics. [289] †
• Johann Dryander (1500–1560): Mathematics; Medicine. [290] †
• Robert Dudley (1574–1649): Engineering. [291]
• Pierre Louis Dulong (1785–1838): Chemistry; Physics. [292] †
• Jean-Baptiste Dumas (1800–1884): Chemistry. [293] [294]
• André Marie Constant Duméril (1774–1860): Zoology; Medicine. [295] †
• Thomas Cochrane Dundonald (1775–1860): Military. [296] [297]
• Charles Dupin (1784–1873): Mathematics; Economics. [298] †

E

• Arthur Stanley Eddington (1882–1944): Astronomy. [299]
• Paul Ehrenfest (1880–1933): Physics. [300]
• Tatjana Ehrenfest-Afanassjewa (1876–1964): Mathematics. [301]
• Paul Ehrlich (1854–1915): Medicine. [302]
• Albert Einstein (1879–1955): Physics. [303] [304] [305] [306] [307] [308]
• Wilhelm Friedrich Eisenlohr (1799–1872): Physics. [309] †
• Havelock Ellis (1859–1939): Psychology; Biology. [310] †
• Johann Franz Encke (1791–1865): Astronomy. [311]
• Henry Englefield (1752–1822): Astronomy; Botany. [312] †
• Karl Oswald Victor Engler (1842–1925): Chemistry. [313] †
• Desiderius Erasmus (1469–1536): Humanist. [314]
• Andreas von Ettingshausen (1796–1878): Physics; Medicine. [315] †
• Leonhard Euler (1707–1783): Mathematics; Astronomy; Physics. [316] [317] [318] [319]
• John Evans (1680–1730): Astrology. [320] †
• Oliver Evans (1755–1819): Engineering. [321]
• Johann Albert Eytelwein (1764–1848): Engineering. [322] †

F

• Guy-Crescent Fagon (1638–1718): Botany; Medicine. [323] †
• Michael Faraday (1791–1867): Chemistry; Physics. [324] [325] [326] [327] [328] [329] [330]
• Hervé Faye (1814–1902): Astronomy; Geodesy. [331]
• Gustav Theodor Fechner (1801–1887): Physics. [332]
• James Ferguson (1710–1776): Astronomy; Scientific Instruments. [333] [334] [335]
• Jean François Fernel (1497–1558): Medicine. [336] †
• Cyrus West Field (1819–1892): Science Patron. [337]
• Oronce Fine (1494–1555): Mathematics; Geography. [338] [339] †
• Armande-Hippolyte-Louis Fizeau (1819–1896): Physics. [340] [341]
• Camille Flammarion (1842–1925): Astronomy. [342] [343] †
• John Flamsteed (1646–1719): Astronomy. [344]
• Robert Fludd (1574–1637): Alchemy. [345] [346]
• Martin Folkes (1690–1754): Antiquities. [347]
• Simon Forman (1552–1611): Medicine; Astrology. [348] †
• Antoine-François de Fourcroy (1755–1809): Chemistry; Medicine. [349] [350] [351] [352] [353]
• Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier (1768–1830): Mathematics; Physics. [354] [355]
• George Fownes (1815–1849): Chemistry. [356] †
• John Wakefield Francis (1789–1861): Medicine. [357] †
• James Franck (1882–1964): Physics. [358] †
• Adolph Frank (1834–1916): Chemistry. [359] †
• Edward Frankland (1825–1899): Chemistry. [360]
• Benjamin Franklin (1706–1790): Physics. [361] [362]
• John Franklin (1786–1847): Exploration. [363] [364]
• Joseph von Fraunhofer (1787–1826): Physics; Scientific Instruments. [365]
• Edmond Fremy (1814–1894): Chemistry. [366] [367]
• Augustin Jean Fresnel (1788–1827): Physics. [368]
• Robert Fulton (1765–1808): Engineering. [369] [370] [371]

G

• John Gadbury (1627–1704): Astrology. [372] [373] †
• François-Benjamin Gaillon (1782–1839): Biology. [374] †
• Franz Joseph Gall (1758–1828): Medicine. [375]
• Pierre Gassendi (1592–1655): Physics; Astronomy. [376]
• Luca Gaurico (1476–1558): Mathematics; Astronomy; Astrology. [377] †
• Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855): Mathematics. [378] [379] [380]
• Hubert Gautier (1660–1737): Engineering. [381] †
• Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac (1778–1850): Chemistry; Physics. [382] [383] [384]
• Cornelius Gemma (1535–1579): Medicine; Astronomy. [385] †
• Gemma Frisius (1508–1555): Mathematics. [386]
• Johannes Gesner (1709–1790): Botany; Geology. [387] †
• Davies Gilbert (1767–1839): Engineering; Science Patron. [388] †
• Pierre-Simon Girard (1765–1836): Engineering. [389] †
• Stephen Girard (1750–1831): Banker. [390]
• John Hall Gladstone (1827–1902): Chemistry. [391] †
• James Glaisher (1809–1903): Meteorology. [392]
• Leopold Gmelin (1788–1853): Chemistry. [393]
• Ambrose Godfrey (1660–1741): Chemistry. [394] †
• Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749–1832): Biology; Geology; Physics. [395]
• Thomas Graham (1805–1869): Chemistry; Physics. [396] [397]
• James Gregory (1638–1675): Mathematics; Physics; Astronomy. [398]
• Olinthus Gregory (1774–1841): Mathematics. [399] [400]
• William Gregory (1803–1858): Chemistry; Biology. [401] †
• Nehemiah Grew (1641–1712): Biology. [402]
• William Robert Grove (1811–1896): Physics; Chemistry. [403] [404] [405]
• Franz von Paula Gruithuisen (1774–1852): Medicine; Astronomy. [406]
• Simon Grynaeus (1493–1541): Geography. [407] †
• Otto von Guericke (1602–1686): Engineering; Physics. [408] [409]

H

• Samuel Hahnemann (1755–1843): Medicine; Chemistry. [410] [411]
• Matthew Hale (1609–1676): Mathematics; Jurist. [412] †
• Stephen Hales (1677–1761): Biology. [413]
• Henry Halford (1766–1844): Medicine. [414] †
• Albrecht von Haller (1708–1777): Anatomy. [415] [416] [417] [418]
• Edmund Halley (1656–1742): Astronomy; Geophysics. [419] [420]
• Christopher Hansteen (1784–1873): Physics; Astronomy. [421]
• Robert Hare (1781–1858): Chemistry. [422] †
• John Harrison (1693–1776): Scientific Instruments. [423]
• William Harvey (1578–1657): Medicine. [424] [425] [426] [427]
• René Just Haüy (1743–1822): Geology. [428] [429]
• Oliver Heaviside (1850–1925): Physics. [430]
• Werner Heisenberg (1901–1976): Physics. [431]
• Lorenz Heister (1683–1758): Anatomy. [432] †
• Hermann von Helmholtz (1821–1894): Physics. [433] [434]
• Joseph Henry (1797–1878): Physics. [435]
• Jean Hermann (1738–1800): Medicine; Botany; Chemistry. [436] †
• John Frederick William Herschel (1792–1871): Astronomy; Physics; Chemistry. [437] [438] [439] [440]
• William Herschel (1738–1822): Astronomy. [441] [442]
• Johannes Heurnius (1543–1603): Medicine. [443] †
• Johannes Hevelius (1611–1687): Astronomy. [444]
• Urban Hiarne (1641–1724): Medicine; Chemistry. [445] †
• Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679): Physics. [446]
• James Hodgson (1672–1755): Mathematics. [447] †
• Friedrich Hoffmann (1660–1742): Medicine. [448] [449]
• August Wilhelm von Hofmann (1818–1892): Chemistry. [450] [451]
• Robert William Holley (1922–1993): Biochemistry. [452] †
• Joseph Dalton Hooker (1817–1911): Botany. [453] [454]
• Hanns Hörbiger (1860–1931): Engineering; Astronomy. [455] †
• Eben Norton Horsford (1818–1893): Chemistry. [456] †
• Joseph Huddart (1741–1816): Geology. [457] †
• David Edward Hughes (1831–1900): Engineering. [458] †
• Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859): Biology; Geology. [459] [460] [461] [462] [463] [464] [465]
• William Hunter (1718–1783): Anatomy. [466]
• Charles Hutton (1737–1823): Mathematics. [467]
• John Huxham (1692–1768): Medicine. [468] [469] †
• Thomas Henry Huxley (1825–1895): Biology. [470] [471] [472]
• Christiaan Huygens (1629–1695): Mathematics; Physics. [473]

J

• Karl Gustav Jakob Jacobi (1804–1851): Mathematics. [474]
• Moritz Hermann Jacobi (1801–1874): Physics. [475] †
• Joseph-Marie Jacquard (1752–1834): Engineering. [476]
• Nikolaus Joseph Freiherr von Jacquin (1727–1817): Medicine. [477]
• Robert Jameson (1774–1854): Geology. [478]
• Edme-Sébastien Jeaurat (1724–1803): Astronomy; Engineering; Geography. [479] †
• Edward Jenner (1749–1823): Medicine. [480] [481]
• William Jenner (1815–1898): Medicine. [482]
• David Starr Jordan (1851–1931): Zoology. [483]
• Hadrianus Junius (1511–1575): Medicine. [484] [485] †
• Bernard de Jussieu (1699–1777): Botany. [486]

K

• Abraham Gotthelf Kaestner (1719–1800): Mathematics. [487] [488]
• Robert Kane (1809–1890): Chemistry. [489]
• Immanuel Kant (1724–1804): Physics. [490] [491] [492]
• August Kekule (1829–1896): Chemistry. [493]
• William Thomson, Baron Kelvin (1824–1907): Physics. [494] [495] [496] [497] [498] [499]
• Johannes Kepler (1571–1630): Astronomy; Physics. [500] [501] [502] [503]
• Athanasius Kircher (1602–1680): Mathematics; Physics; Chemistry. [504] [505]
• Gustav Kirchhoff (1824–1887): Physics. [506]
• Martin Heinrich Klapproth (1743–1817): Chemistry. [507] [508]
• Gowin Knight (1713–1772): Physics. [509] †
• Emanuel Konig (1658–1731): Physics; Medicine. [510] †
• Nicholas Kratzer (1487–1550): Mathematics; Astronomy. [511] †
• Johannes Kunckel (1631–1703): Chemistry. [512] †

L

• Joseph Louis Lagrange (1736–1813): Physics; Astronomy; Mathematics. [513] [514]
• Joseph Jérôme Le Français de Lalande (1732–1807): Astronomy. [515] [516] [517] [518] [519]
• Johann Heinrich Lambert (1728–1777): Mathematics; Physics; Astronomy. [520]
• Jean Vincent Félix Lamouroux (1779–1825): Biology. [521] †
• Michel Ange Lancret (1774–1807): Mathematics; Architecture. [522] †
• Pierre Simon Laplace (1749–1827): Mathematics; Physics; Astronomy. [523] [524] [525] [526] [527] [528]
• Dominique Jean Larrey (1776–1842): Medicine. [529]
• André Laugier (1770–1832): Chemistry. [530] †
• Antoine Laurent Lavoisier (1743–1794): Chemistry. [531] [532] [533]
• John Bennet Lawes (1814–1900): Agriculture. [534]
• Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723): Biology. [535]
• Adrien Marie Legendre (1752–1833): Mathematics. [536]
• Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646–1716): Mathematics. [537] [538] [539] [540]
• Claude-Hugues Lelièvre (1752–1835): Geology. [541] †
• Emil Khristianovich Lenz (1804–1865): Physics; Geology. [542] †
• John Leslie (1766–1832): Physics. [543] [544] [545]
• Ferdinand de Lesseps (1805–1894): Engineering. [546] [547]
• Antoine-Jean Letronne (1787–1848): Geography. [548]
• Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742–1799): Physics. [549]
• Justus Liebig (1803–1873): Chemistry. [550] [551] [552] [553] [554]
• William Lilly (1602–1681): Medicine. [555]
• James Ludovic Lindsay, 26th Earl of Crawford (1847–1913): Astronomy. [556] †
• Carl von Linné (1707–1778): Biology; Geology; Medicine. [557] [558] [559] [560] [561] [562] [563] [564]
• Fritz Albert Lipmann (1899–1986): Biochemistry. [565]
• Joseph Nicolas de L'Isle (1688–1768): Astronomy. [566] †
• Friedrich List (1789–1846): Economics. [567]
• John Locke (1632–1704): Physics. [568] [569]
• Oliver Lodge (1851–1940): Physics. [570]
• Roger Long (1680–1770): Astronomy. [571]
• John Lubbock (1834–1913): Biology; Anthropology. [572] [573]
• Paul Luther (1533–1593): Medicine; Chemistry. [574] †
• Charles Lyell (1797–1875): Geology; Biology. [575]

M

• Colin MacLaurin (1698–1746): Mathematics. [576] [577]
• Johann Heinrich Mädler (1794–1874): Astronomy. [578]
• Michael Maestlin (1550–1631): Astronomy; Mathematics. [579] †
• Gustav Magnus (1802–1870): Chemistry; Physics. [580]
• Dortous de Mairan (1678–1771): Physics. [581] [582] †
• Conrad Malte-Brun (1775–1826): Geography. [583]
• Etienne Louis Malus (1775–1812): Physics. [584]
• Eustachio Manfredi (1674–1739): Astronomy; Hydraulics. [585] †
• James Jay Mapes (1806–1866): Chemistry. [586] †
• Jean-Paul Marat (1743–1793): Medicine. [587] [588]
• Guglielmo Marconi (1874–1937): Engineering; Physics. [589] [590] [591]
• Benjamin Martin (1705–1782): Physics. [592] †
• Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk (1850–1937): Philosophy. [593]
• Nevil Maskelyne (1732–1811): Astronomy. [594] [595] [596]
• Claude-Louis Mathieu (1783–1875): Astronomy. [597] †
• Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis (1698–1759): Mathematics; Biology; Physics. [598] [599] [600] [601]
• Hiram Stevens Maxim (1840–1916): Invention. [602] [603]
• James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879): Physics. [604] [605] [606]
• Julius Robert von Mayer (1814–1878): Physics. [607]
• Walther Mayer (1887–1948): Mathematics. [608] †
• John Mayow (1641–1679): Medicine; Chemistry. [609]
• Cyrus Hall McCormick (1809–1884): Agriculture. [610]
• Donald McKay (1810–1880): Engineering. [611]
• Samuel M'Clellan (1800–1853): Anatomy. [612] †
• Richard Mead (1673–1754): Medicine. [613]
• Philipp Melanchthon (1497–1560): Mathematics. [614]
• Daniel Melanderhjelm (1726–1810): Astronomy. [615] †
• Gregor Mendel (1822–1884): Biology. [616]
• Franz Anton Mesmer (1734–1815): Medicine. [617]
• Lothar Meyer (1830–1895): Chemistry. [618]
• Albert Abraham Michelson (1852–1931): Physics. [619] [620]
• Hugh Middleton (c. 1560–1643): Engineering — †
• Robert Andrews Millikan (1868–1953): Physics. [621] [622]
• Hermann Minkowski (1864–1909): Mathematics. [623]
• Charles-François Brisseau de Mirbel (1776–1854): Botany. [624] = Image:Charles-François Brisseau-Mirbel.jpg
• Richard von Mises (1883–1953): Mathematics; Engineering. [625]
• Samuel Latham Mitchill (1764–1831): Biology; Geology. [626]
• Eilhard Mitscherlich (1794–1863): Chemistry. [627] [628] [629] †
• Gaspard Monge (1746–1818): Mathematics; Chemistry; Physics. [630] [631] [632] [633] [634]
• Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich (1625–1672): Geology. [635]
• Geminiano Montanari (1633–1687): Astronomy. [636]
• Jacques-Etienne Montgolfier (1745–1799): Aeronautics. [637] [638]
• Jean-Étienne Montucla (1725–1799): Mathematics. [639] †
• Campbell Morfit (1820–1897): Chemistry. [640] †
• Jean-Baptiste Morin (mathematician) (1583–1656): Medicine. [641] †
• Samuel Morland (1625–1695): Mathematics. [642]
• Jedidiah Morse (1761–1826): Geography. [643]
• Samuel Finley Breese Morse (1791–1872): Engineering. [644] [645] [646] [647] [648] [649] [650]
• Albert Mousson (1805–1890): Physics. [651] †
• Ronald Impey Murchison (1792–1871): Geology. [652] [653] [654] †
• William Murdoch (1754–1834): Engineering. [655]
• James Sheridan Muspratt (1821–1871): Chemistry. [656] †

N

• Felix Nadar (1820–1910): Photography; Aeronautics. [657] = image:Felix_Nadar.jpg
• John Napier (1550–1617): Mathematics. [658]
• Robert Napier (1791–1876): Engineering. [659] = Image:Robert_Napier_(engineer).jpg
• James Nasmyth (1808–1890): Astronomy; Engineering. [660]
• Gabriel Naude (1600–1653): Bibliography; Medicine. [661] = Image:Gabriel_Naude.jpg †
• Walther Nernst (1864–1941): Chemistry. [662] [663] [664]
• Simon Newcomb (1835–1909): Astronomy. [665] [666]
• Isaac Newton (1642–1727): Physics; Mathematics; Astronomy. [667] [668] [669] [670] [671] [672] [673] [674] [675] [676] [677]
• Peter Nicholson (1765–1844): Mathematics; Architecture. [678] = image:Peter_Nicholson.jpg †
• Alfred Bernhard Nobel (1833–1896): Chemistry. [679]
• Leopoldo Nobili (1784–1835): Physics. [680]
• Jean-Antoine Nollet (1700–1770): Physics. [681] = image:Jean-Antoine_Nollet.jpg †

O

• Hermann Oberth (1894–1989): Physics. [682]
• Wilhelm Olbers (1758–1840): Astronomy; Medicine. [683]
• Denison Olmsted (1791–1859): Physics; Astronomy. [684]
• Mathieu Joseph Bonaventure Orfila (1787–1853): Chemistry; Physics. [685] [686] [687]
• Barnaba Oriani (1752–1832): Astronomy. [688]
• Hans Christian Ørsted (1777–1851): Physics. [689] [690] [691] [692] [693]
• Abraham Ortelius (1527–1598): Geography. [694] [695]
• Wilhelm Ostwald (1853–1932): Chemistry. [696]
• Richard Owen (1804–1892): Medicine; Paleontology. [697] [698] [699]

P

• Paul Painlevé (1863–1933): Mathematics. [700]
• Johann Georg Palitzsch (1723–1788): Astronomy; Astrology; Physics. [701] [702]
• Samuel Parkes (1759–1825): Chemistry. [703] [704]
• John Parkinson (1567–1650): Botany; Medicine. [705] †
• Charles Algernon Parsons (1854–1931): Engineering. [706]
• Blaise Pascal (1623–1662): Mathematics; Physics. [707] [708]
• Louis Pasteur (1822–1895): Chemistry. [709] [710]
• Linus Pauling (1901–1994): Chemistry; Physics. [711]
• Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc (1580–1637): Mathematics; Astronomy. [712] [713]
• John Pender (1816–1896): Engineering. [714] †
• Johann Friedrich Penther (1693–1749): Mathematics; Economics. [715] †
• Claude Perrault (1613–1688): Biology; Medicine. [716]
• Jean Petitot (1607–1691): Art. [717] †
• William Petty (1623–1687): Economics; Geography. [718]
• Joseph Petzval (1807–1891): Mathematics. [719] †
• Kaspar Peucer (1525–1602): Mathematics; Medicine. [720] †
• Philip Syng Physick (1768–1837): Medicine. [721]
• Giuseppe Piazzi (1746–1846): Astronomy. [722]
• Marc-Auguste Pictet (1752–1825): Physics. [723] †
• Max Planck (1858–1947): Physics. [724]
• John Playfair (1748–1819): Mathematics; Geology. [725]
• Lyon Playfair, Baron Playfair (1818–1898): Chemistry. [726] [727] [728]
• Julius Plucker (1801–1868): Mathematics; Physics. [729]
• Johann Christian Poggendorff (1796–1877): Physics. [730]
• Henri Poincaré (1854–1912): Mathematics. [731] [732]
• Louis Poinsot (1777–1859): Mathematics; Physics. [733]
• Siméon-Denis Poisson (1781–1840): Mathematics. [734] [735]
• Jean Victor Poncelet (1788–1867): Mathematics; Engineering. [736]
• Philippe Gustave le Doulcet, Comte de Pontécoulant (1795–1874): Astronomy. [737] †
• Josef Popper-Lynkeus (1838–1921): Aeronautics. [738] †
• John Pordage (1607–1681): Medicine; Astrology. [739] †
• Claude Servais Mathias Pouillet (1790–1868): Physics; Engineering. [740] [741]
• Johann Praetorius (1537–1616): Mathematics. [742] †
• Joseph Priestley (1733–1804): Chemistry; Physics. [743] [744]
• Claude Antoine Prieur-Duvernois (1763–1832): Engineering. [745]
• John Pringle (1707–1782): Medicine. [746]
• Richard Anthony Proctor (1837–1888): Astronomy. [747] [748]
• Gaspard-François-Clair-Marie Riche, Baron de Prony (1755–1839): Engineering; Mathematics. [749]
• Richard Pulteney (1730–1801): Botany. [750] = image:Richard_Pulteney.jpg †
• Michael I. Pupin (1858–1935): Physics. [751]
• Jan Evangelista Purkyne (1787–1869): Medicine. [752]
• Pythagoras (580 BCE–500 BCE): Mathematics; Astronomy —

R

• Isidor Isaac Rabi (1898–1988): Physics. [753] †
• John Radcliffe (1650–1714): Medicine. [754]
• Walter Raleigh (1552–1618): Exploration. [755] [756]
• David Ramsay (1749–1815): Medicine. [757]
• William Ramsay (1852–1916): Chemistry. [758]
• Petrus Ramus (1515–1572): Mathematics; Astronomy; Physics. [759] [760]
• François-Vincent Raspail (1794–1878): Biology; Medicine. [761] †
• Walther Rathenau (1867–1922): Industrialist; Electrical Engineering. [762]
• John Ray (1627–1705): Biology. [763]
• René-Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur (1683–1757): Mathematics; Engineering; Biology. [764]
• Francesco Redi (1626–1698): Medicine. [765]
• Abraham Rees (1743–1825): Encyclopedist. [766]
• Johannes Regiomontanus (1436–1476): Astronomy; Mathematics. [767]
• Victor Regnault (1810–1878): Chemistry; Physics. [768]
• Karl Reichenbach (1788–1869): Biology. [769] †
• John Rennie (1794–1874): Engineering. [770] [771]
• Josef Ressel (1793–1857): Physics. [772] [773]
• Franz Reuleaux (1829–1905): Engineering. [774]
• Henry Revell Reynolds (1745–1811): Medicine. [775] †
• Mark Ridley (1560–1624): Medicine. [776] †
• Bernhard Riemann (1826–1866): Mathematics. [777]
• Antoine Risso (1777–1845): Biology. [778] †
• David Rittenhouse (1732–1796): Engineering; Astronomy. [779] [780]
• Alexis-Marie de Rochon (1741–1817): Astronomy. [781] †
• Jacques Rohault (1620–1675): Physics. [782] †
• Henry Enfield Roscoe (1833–1915): Chemistry. [783]
• Heinrich Rose (1795–1864): Chemistry. [784]
• William Parsons, Earl of Rosse (1800–1867): Astronomy. [785]
• Henry Augustus Rowland (1848–1901): Physics. [786] [787]
• William Roxburgh (1751–1815): Botany. [788] = Image:William Roxburgh.jpg
• Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford (1753–1814): Physics. [789]
• Prince, Count Palatine Rupert (1619–1682): Physics; Military. [790] [791] [792]
• Benjamin Rush (1746–1813): Medicine; Chemistry. [793] [794]
• Henry Chamberlaine Russell (1836–1907): Astronomy; Meteorology. [795] †
• Ernest Rutherford (1871–1937): Physics; Chemistry. [796]
• Lewis Morris Rutherfurd (1816–1892): Astronomy. [797] †
• Frederik Ruysch (1638–1731): Botany; Medicine. [798]

S

• Balthazar Georges Sage (1740–1824): Geology; Chemistry. [799] [800] †
• Jules Barthélemy Saint-Hilaire (1805–1895): Classics. [801]
• William Salmon (1644–1713): Medicine. [802] †
• Jacques-Noël Sané (1740–1831): Engineering. [803] †
• Paolo Sarpi (1552–1623): Physics. [804]
• Nicholas Saunderson (1682–1739): Mathematics. [805] [806]
• Joseph Saxton (1799–1873): Scientific Instruments. [807] [808] [809] †
• Joseph Juste Scaliger (1540–1609): Classics. [810]
• John Martin Schaeberle (1853–1924): Astronomy. [811]
• Carl Scheibler (1827–1899): Chemistry. [812] †
• Ernst Christian Julius Schering (1824–1889): Mathematics. [813] †
• Rudolf Schmitt (1830–1898): Chemistry. [814] †
• Christian Schönbein (1799–1868): Chemistry. [815]
• Johann Schöner (1477–1547): Astronomy; Geography. [816] †
• Christoph Schorer (1618–1671): Medicine. [817] †
• Erwin Schrödinger (1887–1961): Physics. [818]
• Johann Hieronymus Schröter (1745–1816): Astronomy. [819]
• Anton, Ritter von Kristelli Schrötter (1802–1875): Chemistry. [820] †
• Heinrich Christian Schumacher (1780–1850): Astronomy; Geodesy. [821]
• Daniel Schwenter (1585–1636): Mathematics. [822] [823] †
• Glenn Theodore Seaborg (1912–1999): Chemistry. [824]
• Angelo Secchi (1818–1878): Astronomy. [825]
• Johann Andreas von Segner (1704–1777): Mathematics; Physics. [826] †
• Alois Senefelder (1771–1834): Invention. [827] [828]
• George Shaw (1751–1813): Biology. [829]
• Friedrich Siemens (1826–1904): Invention; Engineering. [830] †
• Werner von Siemens (1816–1892): Electrical Engineering. [831] [832]
• Carl Wilhelm Siemens (1823–1883): Engineering. [833] †
• Igor Ivan Sikorsky (1889–1972): Aeronautics. [834]
• Benjamin Silliman (1779–1864): Chemistry; Geology. [835] [836]
• Hans Sloane (1660–1753): Medicine; Biology. [837] [838]
• John Smeaton (1724–1792): Engineering. [839] [840]
• William Smith (1769–1839): Geology. [841] †
• Arthur Smithells (1860–1939): Chemistry. [842] †
• Willebrord Snellius (1580–1626): Mathematics; Physics; Astronomy. [843] †
• Samuel Thomas von Soemmering (1755–1830): Medicine. [844] [845] †
• James Sowerby (1757–1822): Biology; Geology. [846]
• Herbert Spencer (1820–1903): Physics; Biology. [847] [848] [849]
• Henry Morton Stanley (1841–1904): Exploration. [850]
• Jozef Stefan (1835–1893): Physics. [851]
• Carl August Steinheil (1801–1870): Physics; Astronomy. [852] [853] [854] [855] †
• George Stephenson (1781–1848): Engineering. [856] [857]
• Robert Stephenson (1803–1859): Engineering. [858]
• Dugald Stewart (1753–1828): Physics; Mathematics. [859]
• George Gabriel Stokes (1819–1903): Physics; Mathematics. [860]
• Leonhard Christoph Sturm (1669–1719): Mathematics; Engineering. [861] †
• Johann Georg Sulzer (1720–1779): Physics. [862] †
• Thomas Sydenham (1624–1689): Medicine. [863] [864] [865]
• James Joseph Sylvester (1814–1897): Mathematics. [866]

T

• Niccolò Tartaglia (1499–1557): Mathematics. [867]
• Jean-Baptiste Tavernier (1605–1689): Exploration. [868]
• Alfred Swaine Taylor (1806–1880): Chemistry. [869] = image:Alfred_Swaine_Taylor.jpg †
• John Taylor (1703–1772): Medicine. [870] †
• Hermann Friedrich Teichmeyer (1685–1744): Physics; Chemistry; Medicine. [871] = image:Hermann_Friedrich_Teichmeyer.jpg †
• William Thaw (1818–1889): Science Patron. [872] = image:William_Thaw.jpg †
• Louis Jacques Thénard (1777–1857): Chemistry. [873]
• Hans Peter Jörgen Julius Thomsen (1826–1909): Chemistry. [874] = image:Hans_Peter_Jörgen_Julius_Thomsen.jpg
• André Thouin (1747–1824): Botany. [875] = image:André_Thouin.jpg †
• Gaston Tissandier (1843–1899): Aeronautics. [876]
• Johann Daniel Titius (1729–1796): Mathematics; Physics. [877]
• Abraham Trembley (1710–1784): Zoology. [878]
• Anne-Robert-Jacques, baron de l'Aulne Turgot (1727–1781): Economics. [879]
• Daniel Turner (1667–1741): Medicine. [880] = image:Daniel_Turner.jpg †
• John Tyndall (1820–1893): Physics. [881] [882] [883] [884] [885] [886]
• Thomas Tyrer (1844–1918): Chemistry. [887] = image:Thomas_Tyrer.jpg †

U

• Francis Robbins Upton (1852–1921): Mathematics; Physics. [888] †
• Donato Bramante (1444–1514): Architecture. [889] †
• Andrew Ure (1778–1857): Chemistry. [890] = image:Andrew_Ure.jpg

V

• Martin Vahl (1744–1804): Botany. [891]
• Pierre Varignon (1654–1722): Mathematics; Physics. [892]
• Jacques de Vaucanson (1709–1782): Physics. [893]
• Louis Nicolas Vauquelin (1763–1829): Chemistry. [894]
• Georg Freiherr von Vega (1754–1802): Mathematics. [895] = image:Georg_Vega.jpg
• Giovanni Battista Venturi (1746–1822): Physics. [896]
• Andreas Vesalius (1514–1564): Medicine. [897] [898]
• Amerigo Vespucci (1451–1512): Exploration; Geography. [899] [900]
• François Viète (1540–1603): Mathematics. [901]
• Francois Villette (1621–1698): Engineering. [902] = image:Francois_Villette.jpg †
• Rudolf Ludwig Karl Virchow (1821–1902): Medicine; Anthropology. [903] [904] [905]
• Vincenzio Viviani (1622–1703): Mathematics. [906] = image:Vincenzio_Viviani.jpg †
• Edward William Voelcker (1857–1930): Chemistry. [907] = image:Edward_William_Voelcker.jpg †
• Alessandro Volta (1745–1827): Physics. [908]
• Zanino Volta (1795–1869): Physics. [909] = image:Zanino_Volta.jpg †
• Gerardus Joannes Vossius (1577–1649): Physics. [910]
• Hans Vredeman de Vries (1527–c. 1604): Architecture. image:Hans_Vredeman_de_Vries.jpg †

W

• Johannes Diderik van der Waals (1837–1923): Physics. [911]
• Francis Amasa Walker (1840–1897): Mathematics; Economics. [912] = image:Francis_Amasa_Walker.jpg
• John Wallis (1616–1703): Mathematics. [913] [914]
• Emil Gabriel Warburg (1846–1931): Physics. [915] = image:Emil_Gabriel_Warburg.jpg †
• Joshua Ward (1685–1761): Medicine; Chemistry. [916] = image:Joshua_Ward.jpg †
• Seth Ward (1617–1689): Astronomy. [917]
• William Watson (1715–1787): Physics; Botany; Medicine. [918] [919]
• James Watt (1736–1819): Engineering; Chemistry. [920] [921] [922] [923] [924] [925] [926]
• Wilhelm Eduard Weber (1804–1891): Physics. [927]
• Karl Weierstrass (1815–1897): Mathematics. [928]
• Abraham Gottlob Werner (1749–1817): Geology. [929] [930]
• Edward Weston (1850–1936): Chemistry; Physics. [931]
• Hermann Weyl (1885–1955): Mathematics. [932]
• Charles Wheatstone (1802–1875): Physics. [933] [934] [935] [936]
• William Whewell (1794–1866): Physics. [937]
• William Whiston (1667–1752): Mathematics. [938]
• Thomas Willis (1621–1675): Medicine. [939]
• Richard Willstatter (1872–1942): Chemistry. [940]
• Wilhelm Wirtinger (1865–1945): Mathematics. [941] = image:Wilhelm_Wirtinger.jpg †
• Caspar Wistar (1761–1818): Anatomy. [942] = image:Caspar_Wistar.jpg
• Friedrich Wöhler (1800–1882): Chemistry. [943] [944]
• Christian, Freiherr von Wolff (1679–1754): Physics; Mathematics. [945] [946] = image:Christian Freiherr von Wolff.jpg
• William Hyde Wollaston (1766–1878): Chemistry; Physics; Medicine. [947] [948] [949]
• Thomas Wright (1711–1786): Astronomy. [950]

Y

• Thomas Young (1773–1829): Physics. [951] [952]

Z

• Franz Xaver, Freiherr von Zach (1754–1832): Astronomy. [953]
• Johann Zeisold (1599–1677): Physics. [954] = image:Johann_Zeisold.jpg †
• Ferdinand, Graf von Zeppelin (1838–1917): Aeronautics. [955]

See also

• Dibner Institute for the History of Science and Technology