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Documents

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I've come across some online documents while doing research for the article the Morgenthau Plan.

I thought this was a very good document collection:

http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/marshall/large/index.php

The main theme is an assortment of documents relating to how the marshal plan originated and developed (covers the period 1946 - 1967), but some documents are equaly relevant to the beginings of the cold war, and I think some might make a good source for material about the birth of the European Union (maybe something to bite into?). I've already inserted one of the documents into the weblinks section a few days back.

An example of another document:

"The Ruhr - The Times' article and editorial on the breach in the US ranks on the subject of the Ruhr were accurate, and the latter excellent. I have been disturbed over the arena in which the debate has been carried out. Clay and Draper claim that Germany will go communist shortly after any proposal to infringe on its sovereignity over the Ruhr is carried out;".

Ruhr Delegation of the United States of America, Council of Foreign Ministers American Embassy Moscow, March 24, 1947

It would not surprise me if there is also a main collection of documents relating to the cold war, but I have not looked. I leave it to those more intrested in the subject (I.e with time to spare...).

The Truman library also contains oral history interviews with a lot of government characters that were deeply involved at ::the time. Fascinating reading. For instance: http://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/kindbrgr.htm#25 Not that much about ::the cold war, but nevertheles.

Finaly I think, the U.K. National archives have a lot to offer. I've already posted this bit in the main article talk page, but as noone seems to have read it I do a double posting. The full war cabinet meetings documents (along with a lot... of other documents) are available as pdf, a bit hard to read though, as they are in shorthand, exactly as the secretary wrote down the conversations. This page gives the gist of a conversation about russia.

http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/releases/2006/january/january1/review.htm

At the Cabinet meeting in April 1945 the PM welcomed representatives of the Dominions to the meeting during which they reviewed the world situation. The PM and Jan Smuts, the South African Prime Minister, made some interesting comments on how they saw the world at the time:

P.M.

R. relations have deteriorated since Yalta…Hope we shall get through: but only by unity. New balance (or lack of balance) of power in Europe. These are the dominating world facts. How can we match them? Only by our superior statecraft & experience & above all by our Unity… Smuts. …World needs our maturity & experience. Danger of power suddenly acquired w´out experience & mature responsibility – exemplified by Germany & Japan. Hope won´t be true of U.S. & Russia. We have renounced Imperialism. But what of the economic imperialism of U.S.A. & the ideological imperialism of U.S.S.R. Eire is a warning tht. we may easily break up, as did Roman Empire.

W.M.(45)39th Meeting held on 3 April 1945.

At the meeting of the caretaker Cabinet in June 1945 the PM gave his views of de Gaulle and the Russian advance into the heart of central Europe. The latter is almost a forerunner of his Iron Curtain speech:

P.M.

But no hope of trustworthy relations with France until we are rid of de Gaulle. This advance of R. into heart of central Europe will be one of most terrible events in history. Don´t believe they will willingly go back at least in this generation. 10 European capitals fall into R. hands.

W.M.(45)7th Meeting held on 11 June 1945.


Hope at least some of this was useful to your work.

Stor stark7 21:14, 26 January 2006 (UTC)[reply]

Two visions of the World

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As the text now stands, it implies that Roosevelt was not intrested in punitive measures against germany. This is false:

see Post-Surrender Program for Germany, Roosevelt Presidential Library
Se also this critisism of Roosevelts plans in a note from his secretary of War:

Henry L. Stimson, Secretary of War. dated September 5, 1944. [1]

"We contemplate the transfer from Germany of ownership of East Prussia, Upper Silesia, Alsace' and Lorraine (each of them except the first containing raw materials of importance) together with the imposition of general economic controls. We also are considering the wisdom of a possible partition of Germany into north and south sections, as well as the creation of an internationalized State in the Ruhr. With such precautions, or indeed with only some of them, it certainly should not be necessary for us to obliterate all industrial productivity in the Ruhr area, in order to preclude its future misuse.

Nor can I agree that it should be one of our purposes to hold the German population "to a subsistence level" if this means the edge of poverty."

So basically, if there was any intention not to repeat the mistakes of the Versailles treaty, then these intentions should be referenced and attributed to Roosevelts successor Truman, who in time slowly managed to turn the U.S. administration away from the dangerous course set by his predecessor.

This report of the situation in 1947 shows how difficult it was for Truman to get parts of the U.S. administration to give up their plans for turning Germany into a nation of destitute peasants. [2]

Stor stark7 18:23, 29 January 2006 (UTC)[reply]

Duplication?

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Am I the only one seeing every section in this article duplicated?

Why is the Bolshevik Revolution in this article? It should be in the origins of the Cold War!

Yugoslavia

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You have failed to mention Yugoslavia's role in the Cold War. I would mention US fears of Russia backing Yugoslavia in the Trieste crisis, also mention the official split between Tito and Stalin in 1948 as the US believed it set a precedent for further Eastern European countries to abandon a close relation with Stalin

The Stuttgart Speech

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I've added the following text to the important documents section.

  • Speech by James F. Byrnes, United States Secretary of State "Restatement of Policy on Germany" Stuttgart September 6, 1946. Also known as the "Speech of hope" it set the tone of future U.S. policy as it repudiated the Morgenthau Plan economic policies and gave the Germans hope for the future. The Western powers worst fear by now was that the poverty and hunger would drive the Germans to Communism. General Lucius Clay stated "There is no choice between being a communist on 1,500 calories a day and a believer in democracy on a thousand". The speech was also seen as a stand against the Soviet Union as it stated the firm intention of the United States to maintain a military presence in Europe indefinitely. But the heart of the message was as Byrnes stated a month later "The nub of our program was to win the German people . . . it was a battle between us and Russia over minds. . . ."

Some related external links are

--Stor stark7 Talk 21:32, 8 August 2006 (UTC)[reply]

Added text on the reversal of JCS 1067

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I've added the following text on the reversal of JCS 1067:

In view of increased concerns by General Lucius D. Clay and the Joint Chief of Staff over growing communist influence in Germany, as well as of the of the failure of the rest of the European economy to recover without the German industrial base on which it previously had been dependent, in the summer of 1947 Secretary of State General George Marshall, citing "national security grounds" was finally able to convince President Harry S. Truman to rescind the punitive U.S. occupation directive JCS 1067, and replace it with JCS 1779. In July 1947 JCS 1067, which had directed the U.S. forces of occupation in Germany to "…take no steps looking toward the economic rehabilitation of Germany", was thus replaced by JCS 1779 which instead stressed that "An orderly, prosperous Europe requires the economic contributions of a stable and productive Germany". JCS 1067 had then been in effect for over two years.

Some sources:

And for those intrested, a link to the text of the directive.

  • Joint Chiefs of Staff Directive 1067 JCS 1067/6 of 28 April 1945 (The final version, JCS 1067/8 of 10 May 1945, contained an amendment allowing the production of just enough synthetic rubber and oil, aluminum, and magnesium to meet the needs of the Allied occupying forces, where the previous version (JCS 1067/6) had ordered the complete destruction of such industries.)

--Stor stark7 Talk 19:31, 27 September 2006 (UTC)[reply]

Annexed or expanded?

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Taking into account that the USSR was formed by joint decision of three republics (RSFSR, Ukrainian and Belorussian republics), and, accordingly, ceased to exist as a result of the joint decision of Russian, Belorussian and Ukrainian leaders, Ukraine and Belarus cannot be called "annexed" republics. I fixed that.--Paul Siebert (talk) 03:29, 27 March 2009 (UTC)[reply]

The Soviet Socialist Republics did not "cease to exist", and the Ukraine SSR and Byelorussian SSR were expanded to take in the annexed areas of Eastern Poland. It's all explained, complete with maps, in several articles on Wikipedia, including Territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union, and Soviet annexation of Western Ukraine, 1939–1940. Mosedschurte (talk) 03:31, 27 March 2009 (UTC)[reply]
The picture creates a wrong impression that the USSR was formed via annexation of Belorussia and Ukraine by RSFSR. Although the legend doesn't state it unequivocally, the picture in combination with the legend creates such an impression. Either the picture or the legend should be changed. I changed the legend, but it can be modified back if the approprioate modifications will be done of the picture (the same colour for all Soviet republics within pre-1939 borders).--Paul Siebert (talk) 00:37, 31 March 2009 (UTC)[reply]
Now "Other annexed or expanded".Mosedschurte (talk)
How "annexed" and "expanded" can be combined together? That is like combining a predator and a prey into the same category. The map is confusing. The legend makes it to be even more confusing. You either redo the map, or let's keep my version of the legend.--Paul Siebert (talk) 02:13, 31 March 2009 (UTC)[reply]
It's a simple conjunction: "or". "other annexed or expanded". It literally could not be more straight forward.Mosedschurte (talk) 02:42, 31 March 2009 (UTC)[reply]
It is as straightforward as "emerged or disappeared", "increased or decreased", "have eaten or have been eaten"...--Paul Siebert (talk) 02:48, 31 March 2009 (UTC)[reply]
The first two are at least partial antonyms, making your point even more bizarre. "Annexed or expanded" are two different events that can happen. It can't get more basic.Mosedschurte (talk) 02:50, 31 March 2009 (UTC)[reply]
I would prefer not to conduct two identical discussions on different talk pages.--Paul Siebert (talk) 03:06, 31 March 2009 (UTC)[reply]

Creation of the Eastern Bloc

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In contrast to the Eastern Bloc article, the article subject is more narrow, namely, it tells about political and military confrontation between two political and military blocks. Therefore, it seems reasonable to stop using a vague term "Eastern bloc" and to use Warsaw pact" instead. Accordingly, the Eastern bloc map should be replaced with the Warsaw pact vs NATO map, because some socialist countries, like Yugoslavia or Albania weren't the USSR's allies, and, therefore, didn't participate in that confrontation.--Paul Siebert (talk) 19:05, 16 May 2009 (UTC)[reply]

Definitely not on the map, as it obviously depicts the creation of the Eastern Bloc in the 1940s, not the 1955 Warsaw Pact foundation (would be nonsensical in the 1940s). But in the text where the Warsaw Pact later takes action -- e.g., the '68 Czechoslovakian invasion -- the term Warsaw Pact should be used instead of the Eastern Bloc.Mosedschurte (talk) 19:12, 16 May 2009 (UTC)[reply]
Agreed.--Paul Siebert (talk) 21:06, 16 May 2009 (UTC)[reply]

Cold war map

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The attempt has been made to remove the Cold war map under the pretence that the map of Eastern bloc make it redundant. It is not correct because the article is about Cold war, not the Eastern bloc only. The cold war map is definitely relevant to this article because it shows both opposing sides. If someone wants to remove unnecessary map I would propose to remove the EB map that seems redundant.--Paul Siebert (talk) 15:03, 18 May 2009 (UTC)[reply]

It's not a cold war map. It's a map of EUROPE ONLY -- and, thus, not appropriate for a Cold War article WP:Lede --- discussing alliances originally created for another article, Eastern Bloc.
You've also incorrectly (I'll assume mistakenly) stated that it was removed because "the map of Eastern bloc make it redundant." This is simply incorrect, and was not stated in the edit revision reason. Neither an Eastern Bloc map or the other Europe map would be appropriate for the WP:Lede of a Cold War article. Both are Europe only.
A better alternative would be to move the NATO vs. Warsaw Pact map from earlier in the article above, or get a world cold war map like this one for 1980. Or include another image of an event from this time period.Mosedschurte (talk) 15:07, 18 May 2009 (UTC)[reply]
If I am not wrong, the Cold war map was not included into the EB article because of its too wide scope: it includes both Eastrn and Western blocks. That makes it quite relevant to the present article (as opposed to the EB map). I think the best solution is to replace the EB map with the Cold war in Europe map, the former is good, but it is more relevant to the EB article. I've already done that.--Paul Siebert (talk) 15:12, 18 May 2009 (UTC)[reply]
Section title actually says "Eastern Bloc", so the Eastern Bloc map was appropriate. The different map would be appropriate for a different section describing Europe as a whole, also for a different time frame.
In addition to not even describing the "Eastern Bloc" -- the title of the actual section of the map -- the various "alliances" on the map had not even occurred in many cases by 1953, and the map itself describes events such as Albania's turn in 1960.Mosedschurte (talk) 15:17, 18 May 2009 (UTC)[reply]
The article telling about opposition of Eastern and western blocs has no map that depicts Western allies. It is ridiculous. I feel we need either RfC or 3O.--Paul Siebert (talk) 15:23, 18 May 2009 (UTC)[reply]
This simply could not be more straight foward re selecting a map for a section titled "Formation of the Eastern Bloc":
1. The Eastern Bloc map that has been there for months actually depicts what the section covers --"The Eastern Bloc". It simply cannot get more straight forward than that.
2. The Eastern Bloc map contains country labels and names for the countries describes therein, which the entire Europe map does not.
3. The various "alliances" on the Europe map had not even occurred in many cases by 1953, the end time point of this article.
4. The Europe map even goes further to describe events such as Albania's turn in 1960, again beyond the scope of this article. Mosedschurte (talk) 15:28, 18 May 2009 (UTC)[reply]
This is not as simple as you represent. The article about some war must have the map that shows both parties. Showing just one participant is absolutely odd. In addition, the EB map, as well as the section itself, provides to many details that belong to the EB article not to this one, because these details relate to the domestic EB facts and events, not to the Cold war.--Paul Siebert (talk) 15:36, 18 May 2009 (UTC)[reply]
The article has TWO maps showing the various sides at odds -- the NATO map and the Europe map. The Eastern Bloc map is only for the section "Formation of the Eastern Bloc". It's really not that complicated. And, also, neither the Eastern Bloc or Europe maps should go into the WP:Lede rather than a world map, such as the NATO vs. WP map.Mosedschurte (talk) 15:38, 18 May 2009 (UTC)[reply]
WP was formed in 1955, so it belongs to the another article. This map is anachronism. The lede should definitely have some map, but the solution you propose doesn't seem optimal. In addition, since the focus of CW was in Europe during this time, I see no ptoblem to show the European map. However, I am ready to discuss other reasonable proposals.--Paul Siebert (talk) 15:49, 18 May 2009 (UTC)[reply]
Interestingly, the Europe map you're trying to insert now into the WP:Lede is even farther out of date, includes alliances formed in the 1960s, and the words "Albania aligned until 1960" and is Europe-only.
Also re "The lede should definitely have some map" -- it actually doesn't requrie a picture at all, much less a map. If it needs an image at all, it should probably have an iconic picture, as does the Cold War article. I'll look for something out of the Berlin Blockade since it was really the first big international showdown of the Cold War.Mosedschurte (talk) 15:54, 18 May 2009 (UTC)[reply]
I went ahead and made a 1953 World map for the WP:Lede.Mosedschurte (talk) 08:14, 19 May 2009 (UTC)[reply]
Good. I think it would be easy for you to go even further and to create similar maps for the other periods of CW. I support in advance incorporation of these maps into the corresponding articles.--Paul Siebert (talk) 15:01, 19 May 2009 (UTC)[reply]
I did one for 1962 (end of next time period) too. There is already a 1980 map, so it was good for the next 3 time periods (ending 1979, ending 1985 -- just 5 years later -- and the last one ends in dissolution). They were actually kind fun to put together.Mosedschurte (talk) 15:50, 19 May 2009 (UTC)[reply]
Third Opinion: Hello! As it appears the dispute here has been resolved by hard work and amicable compromise, I removed the related request for a Third Opinion from WP:3O. Happy editing! GreenGourd (talk) 00:55, 20 May 2009 (UTC)[reply]
Thanks.--Paul Siebert (talk) 02:43, 20 May 2009 (UTC)[reply]

Fraudulent Polish elections

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A user involved in pushing Soviet POV on numerous articles just changed "Fraudulent Polish elections" (1947) to "First Polish elections"[3]. Any user who's in doubt of the whether the fraudulent elections were fraudulent should read up on the article on the Polish legislative election, 1947. Already the introduction points out that "The anti-communist opposition candidates and activists were persecuted and the eventual results were falsified" and that "The elections were not free". All mainstream scholars agree that those elections were fraudulent. Describing them as "First Polish elections" is revisionist. Virgil Lasis (talk) 19:36, 13 February 2010 (UTC)[reply]

Israel's war of independence had a part in these period of the Cold War

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The Soviets supported the idea of the partition plan because they wanted the Brittish Empire out of the Middle East so they could enjoy their intrests in the Middle East. In addition, the Soviets supported the Jews by supplying a big mass of weapons (through Czechoslovakia) during the Israeli-Arab war of 1948 mainly because the Israeli leadership was comprised of an absolute percentage of Socilists that migrated from Russia (including Poland, Ukraine and Belarus that were under Russia's controll in the first years of the settlement in the land). In 1949, following the elections in Israel, socialist proclaimed parties won more then 50% of the country's parlament. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Bolter21 (talk • contribs) 22:03, 19 June 2015 (UTC)[reply]

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